PCOS is now PMOS – a more accurate name for a complex condition

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PCOS is under-researched relative to its prevalence, which creates genuine knowledge and training gaps among healthcare providers. It’s also a complex, multisystem condition that rarely follows a textbook presentation, making diagnosis feel arbitrary and the path forward unclear.

Many of my patients arrive carrying that same frustration, alongside a tangle of unanswered questions, such as:

  • ‘Do I actually have cysts?’
  • ‘Why are my symptoms so different from what I’ve read online?’
  • ‘Why has no one explained how all of this fits together?’

If any of this sounds familiar, know that your confusion is not a reflection of you – it reflects a system that hasn’t yet caught up with the complexity of this condition. But that is changing.

In 2026, after years of research and global collaboration, PCOS was officially renamed PMOS (polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome). And while that may sound like a simple change in terminology, it represents something far more significant – a long-overdue shift in how this condition is understood and how people living with it are cared for.

Why did the name need to change?

The term ‘polycystic ovary syndrome’ has always been misleading. It implies the condition is defined by cysts on the ovaries, but many people with this diagnosis don’t have ovarian cysts at all. What appear as ‘cysts’ on ultrasound are often immature follicles – not true cysts in the clinical sense.

More importantly, PMOS is not just an ovarian condition. What we now understand is that it’s a complex hormonal and metabolic syndrome affecting multiple systems throughout the body, extending well beyond the reproductive organs.

The old name unintentionally narrowed the focus to the ovaries, and patients paid the price with delayed or no diagnoses. In fact, it’s estimated that up to 70% of people with this condition don’t know they have it.1 Symptoms beyond the reproductive system, such as weight changes, insulin resistance and mood disturbances, were routinely overlooked. Some people were told they didn’t have the condition simply because their ultrasound looked normal.

This renaming isn’t cosmetic. It’s a correction of decades of misunderstanding. And for many, it will mean the difference between feeling dismissed or properly seen by your healthcare practitioner.

What PMOS actually means

PMOS may sound like a more complex term, but it is far more accurate. The new name reflects three interconnected aspects of the condition:

  • Polyendocrine – multiple hormonal systems are involved, not just the ovaries
  • Metabolic – the condition affects how your body regulates insulin, energy and weight
  • Ovarian – ovulation and reproductive function remain part of the picture.

Put simply, PMOS recognises that your symptoms are connected, not random. Irregular cycles, acne, excess hair growth, difficulty losing weight, mood changes and fertility challenges are not separate, unrelated problems. Rather, they are different expressions of the same underlying hormonal disruption.

And importantly, this is a condition we understand and manage far better today than ever before.

What this means for you

For many people, this change validates what they have felt all along – that their symptoms are real, that they are connected, and that they deserve more than piecemeal care.

You may also find that conversations with your healthcare team are approached differently. Rather than focusing primarily on your menstrual cycle or the appearance of your ovaries on ultrasound, there is likely to be greater emphasis on hormone balance, metabolic health (particularly insulin resistance) and long-term wellbeing, including cardiovascular risk and mental health.

This holistic approach is exactly what many patients have been asking for.

A question I’m often asked: ‘Will my menstrual cycle become regular again?’

In many cases, the answer is yes.

PMOS often disrupts ovulation through a combination of hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance. When we address these underlying drivers, we frequently see menstrual cycles becoming more regular, ovulation returning and symptoms improving more broadly.

That said, there is no quick fix. For most patients, meaningful and lasting improvement comes from consistent, sustainable changes built up over time – not from any single intervention.

Lifestyle as medicine

Lifestyle changes are the first-line treatment for PMOS because they directly target the two core drivers of the condition – insulin resistance and hormone dysregulation.

This doesn’t mean extremes or perfection. It means:

  • Nourishing your body with foods that stabilise blood sugar
  • Moving regularly in a way that feels sustainable, not punishing
  • Prioritising sleep and managing stress.

Even small, consistent shifts can have a meaningful impact on ovulation and menstrual cycle regularity.

When lifestyle changes aren’t enough

For some people, lifestyle changes alone won’t fully address their symptoms. This is a reflection of the condition’s complexity, not a personal failing.

Depending on your symptoms and goals, we may consider:

  • Hormonal treatments to regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce the effects of elevated androgens (responsible for symptoms like acne and excess hair growth)
  • Medications, such as metformin, to support insulin function and metabolic health
  • Ovulation induction if you’re trying to conceive a baby.

These aren’t a sign of failure or of doing something wrong. They are simply additional tools – ones that work best when built on the foundation of the lifestyle changes already discussed.

Looking after the whole of you

One of the most important shifts that comes with the PMOS reframing is that your care should extend beyond physical symptoms alone. This condition doesn’t just affect your ovaries – it affects how you feel in your body every day, and your care should reflect that.

The mental and emotional toll of living with a complex diagnosis, sometimes compounded by years of feeling unheard, deserves the same attention as your physical symptoms. So too does the impact that visible symptoms, such as acne, hair changes and weight shifts, can have on body image and self-esteem. Equally important is monitoring the long-term health risks associated with PMOS, particularly an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease – both of which are very manageable with the right support.

What this means if you’ve been living with PMOS

If you’ve struggled with a confusing or inaccurate diagnosis, this new name is significant as it represents a fundamental shift in how the condition is understood, not just what it’s called.

Your symptoms are not random, your experience is valid, and your care should be as individual as you are.

At Newlife IVF, we approach PMOS not as a label to manage, but as an opportunity to truly understand your body and build a path forward that feels achievable.

So if you’re living with PMOS and would like expert advice about ways to improve your chances of getting pregnant, you can make an appointment with one of our fertility specialists by calling Newlife IVF on (03) 8080 8933 or by booking online via our appointments page.

Reference

  1. World Health Organisation [Internet]. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Jan 2026 [cited 2026 2 June]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/polycystic-ovary-syndrome

The costs of IVF – financing your fertility journey

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A fertility specialist for over 15 years and our Medical Director, Dr Nicole Hope wanted to cut through the noise with honesty, transparency and practical guidance for women who are curious, anxious or currently in the thick of fertility treatment. Because if greater financial clarity can ease even some of the stress that comes with this journey, that’s reason enough.

Here’s a glimpse of what Nicole and Victoria covered.

Know before you go – understanding your treatment options

Egg freezing and IVF are often spoken about interchangeably, but as Nicole explained to Victoria, they’re not the same thing. Both involve hormone injections and egg collection. But where egg freezing preserves your eggs for potential future use, IVF takes things a step further, fertilising the eggs to create embryos.

It’s also worth knowing that IVF isn’t necessarily where the journey starts – or ends up – for everyone. Nicole was quick to reassure Victoria that many women don’t need to go down the path of IVF at all.

‘Just because you make an appointment with a fertility specialist, it doesn’t mean that you’re necessarily going to be doing IVF next month. They would initially organise all these tests, and sometimes there may be something that you can treat without doing IVF,’ said Nicole.

A GP referral to a fertility specialist can kick off the investigation process, and from there, a simpler treatment like ovulation induction or IUI (intrauterine insemination) may be all that’s needed. As for when to seek help, Nicole’s view is clear: you don’t need to wait a full year before reaching out, especially if fertility worries are already weighing on you. Getting the ball rolling early, even with a GP visit, is never a bad idea.

The financial side of fertility treatment – comparing apples with oranges

When it comes to choosing a clinic, headline prices can be misleading. As Nicole explained to Victoria, success rates are arguably the more important number to focus on. A clinic advertising lower costs but delivering lower success rates may end up costing you more in the long run – both financially and emotionally – if it means going through additional rounds of treatment. The government-funded website YourIVFSuccess is a useful starting point, allowing you to compare success rates across Australian clinics.

Beyond success rates, it pays to scrutinise what’s included in a clinic’s quoted price – and perhaps more importantly, what isn’t. Hidden costs, such as embryo freezing or best-practice techniques like EmbryoScope and EmbryoGlue, aren’t always reflected in advertised fees and can inflate your bill significantly. Always ask for an itemised quote before committing.

‘At Newlife IVF, our costs are generally quite inclusive. By which I mean they include the doctor’s fees during an IVF cycle, freezing the eggs or embryos during your treatment, and the extra lab techniques we consider best practice, like EmbryoScope and EmbryoGlue,’ said Nicole.

For those exploring how to fund treatment, there are a few avenues worth knowing about. Accessing your superannuation is possible, but only on mental health grounds, requiring documentation from a GP or psychiatrist. As Nicole noted, most patients navigating IVF do experience some degree of anxiety or depression related to their fertility journey, meaning that this pathway is more accessible than it might initially seem.

And if you’re considering a loan for IVF treatment, Victoria’s advice is straightforward: do your research and compare your options before signing anything.

To help make the cost of IVF or egg freezing more manageable, you may consider flexible, low-interest payment plan. Our finance team is available to walk you through this option or help find an arrangement that works for your circumstances.

Financial considerations are an important and very real part of fertility treatment, and they can influence decisions about timing, options and access to care. However, as Nicole has highlighted, the impact of treatment extends well beyond the financial investment. There is a significant emotional cost that patients often carry, including feelings of uncertainty, hope, disappointment and the cumulative stress of repeated cycles or complex decisions. Balancing these financial and emotional demands can be challenging, underscoring the need for care that supports not just the clinical and financial aspects, but also the psychological wellbeing of patients throughout their journey.

Tune in now

This is just a taste of what to expect from the full episode – rich with fertility treatment insights and financial guidance from two experts at the top of their fields. Watch or listen now for a complete breakdown of the costs, the hidden fees and the financing options available to you.

Taking time to prepare for Mother’s Day

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If you think the day may feel tender, give yourself permission to set kind boundaries. This might look like planning a shorter visit or deciding on a clear arrival and departure time before attending an event.

Wanting to ‘show up’ for others is understandable, but it can be exhausting when you’re already carrying so much. Self-care isn’t selfish. You are allowed to prioritise what you need.

Plan with care

Planning ahead can make the day easier. If it feels supportive, you may want to connect with family and acknowledge the mother figures in your life. However, if the thought of doing so feels too painful and likely to heighten feelings of grief or sadness, it’s also okay to say no to these events.

Additional strategies that may help you manage the day include:

  • Preparing a simple response if people ask questions about your fertility journey, so you’re not caught in the moment
  • Planning a small ‘aftercare’ moment for later in the day – perhaps a restorative bath, an early night or your favourite meal
  • Choosing someone you trust to check in with throughout the day – a person you can text or call when you need to share how you’re feeling
  • If attending an event, agree on a signal with your partner indicating that you need to step away
  • Reminding yourself that whatever you feel – sadness, anger or even numbness – is valid.

You may prefer to shift the focus and do something nurturing instead – on your own, with your partner or with friends. Consider activities with fewer reminders, like a walk or bike ride, a movie or a quiet meal at home.

Communicate

If it feels right, share how you’re feeling with someone you trust. Talking through a plan for the day with your partner or a close friend can make a real difference – as can letting family know what you do (and don’t) feel up to.

If you’re supporting someone going through fertility treatment, consider checking in beforehand. Asking what they’d prefer to do on the day can ease the pressure and help them feel less alone.

Social media and advertising

Mother’s Day can be hard to escape online and in advertising, and those reminders may feel especially confronting. If you’re finding it difficult, that’s completely understandable.

If it helps, consider reducing your exposure to social media around this time – unsubscribe from marketing emails, opt out of promotional content or plan a social media break on the day.

Personalised support

Please remember our counsellors are here to support you. If you’d like to talk, we encourage you to reach out. Whatever you’re feeling leading up to and during this day is valid, and you don’t have to carry it on your own.

Supported at every step – the team behind your fertility care

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Fertility treatment success depends on the doctor you choose and on the strength of the entire clinic team. It is shaped by integrated support across the clinic – from the scientists working behind the scenes, to dedicated nurses, fertility counsellors and genetic counsellors providing guided care, and the administrators, finance officers, patient support and marketing team – to ensure every part of your experience is seamless and well-coordinated.

Think of it like a symphony. A soloist may shine, but it’s the orchestra as a whole – each instrument working in harmony – that creates something truly remarkable. Fertility care is no different: the sum is greater than its parts.

In this blog, we’ll show how every part of a fertility clinic plays a vital role, explaining why looking at who your specialist partners with matters for both your treatment experience and results.

Comprehensive care close to home

Newlife IVF is a Melbourne-based fertility clinic with three convenient locations: our flagship site in Box Hill, and service centres in Clayton and East Melbourne. We also offer telehealth appointments, making it easier for individuals and couples from across Victoria – including regional and rural areas – to access world-class fertility care.

We provide the full spectrum of fertility services, from initial fertility testing and early treatment options to advanced care such as IVF, ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), preimplantation genetic testing, fertility preservation, and donor or surrogacy pathways. This breadth of services allows us to tailor care to each person’s unique circumstances, ensuring patients don’t undergo unnecessary treatment, but instead receive the most appropriate care for their needs.

Best science, as standard

Behind every successful pregnancy is a foundation of rigorous science. At Newlife IVF, we are deeply committed to upholding best scientific practice and making it accessible to all our patients.

Our state-of-the-art laboratory is led by our Scientific Director, Dr Tiki Osianlis, and is equipped with the latest technology.

For IVF, we use advanced techniques such as:

  • EmbryoScope time-lapse system to continuously monitor embryo development
  • Sequential media and EmbryoGlue as a standard to support embryo growth and transfer
  • Egg spindle visualisation during ICSI, using specialised microscopes and polarised light to select eggs with the best fertilisation potential
  • PIEZO-ICSI, offering a gentler approach to ICSI that is more suited to patients with fragile eggs.

We also partner with CooperGenomics, a global leader in reproductive genetic testing, to provide patients with access to chromosomal screening and single-gene disorder testing.

Importantly, these advanced techniques are offered at reasonable prices, in line with our belief that every patient deserves the very best scientific care, not just those who can afford to pay extra.

Highly skilled embryologists – the clinic’s ‘engine room’

If the fertility specialist is the conductor of the symphony, the embryologists are the musicians bringing the music to life. Often called the ‘engine room’ of a fertility clinic, the laboratory team plays a vital role in determining the success of treatment.

At Newlife IVF, our embryologists are heavily involved in all aspects of treatment. We know how precious eggs, sperm and embryos are to our patients, and how daunting it can feel to entrust them to someone else’s care. That’s why our embryologists maintain open lines of communication, keeping patients informed about embryo progress and answering questions along the way.

We also have a comprehensive team in place so that no embryologist is overburdened. This allows each procedure to be carried out with the care, focus and attention it deserves, and reflects our commitment to optimising embryo development and, ultimately, pregnancy success.

Safeguarding your most precious cargo

The lab environment matters more than most people realise. Even seemingly small factors, such as air quality or exposure to light, can impact embryo development.

That’s why our laboratory has been purpose-built to reduce volatile compounds and harmful blue light. We also adhere to strict quality-control protocols to ensure ideal conditions for embryo growth are maintained every day.

Equally important is safeguarding the identity and integrity of every patient’s eggs, sperm and embryos. At Newlife IVF, we use a dual-layer witnessing system, comprising:

  • RI Witness electronic platform, which tracks eggs, sperm and embryos at every stage of treatment and handling
  • Double-witnessing by our embryologists, providing an additional layer of assurance.

This gold-standard system ensures every sample is accurately tracked, securely stored and handled with the highest levels of safety and accountability.

The steady presence of fertility nurses

If fertility specialists set the direction of care, fertility nurses provide continuity. With extensive experience in fertility treatment, fertility nurses are the conduit between patients and their treating fertility specialists, translating clinical decisions into clear direction and ensuring information flows clearly in both directions. They are often the team members patients interact with most, guiding them through each stage of treatment with clarity and reassurance.

At Newlife IVF, fertility nurses oversee key elements of care, including cycle monitoring through blood tests and ultrasounds, medication education and administration support, and early pregnancy care before transition to obstetric services. Working closely with fertility specialists, they coordinate treatment plans, relay results and clinical updates, and advocate for patients’ needs. By taking time to explain treatment plans, procedures and medications in detail, our nurses help patients feel informed and confident throughout their fertility journey.

Emotional care as part of clinical care

Fertility treatment can bring uncertainty, stress and complex emotions alongside the physical treatment. That is why counselling is integrated into care at Newlife IVF, rather than treated as an optional extra.

Our experienced fertility counsellors support patients through all stages of treatment, offering tools to navigate the emotional demands of fertility care. They also play a critical role in supporting decision-making, relationship dynamics and preparation for donor conception or surrogacy pathways. The aim is to ensure patients feel emotionally prepared and empowered as their journey evolves.

Genetic insight to support informed decisions

Where genetic considerations are relevant, genetic counselling provides essential clarity and guidance. Our genetic counsellors work closely with fertility specialists to assess inherited health risks, explain inheritance patterns, and interpret genetic test results in clear, practical terms.

They support patients to understand testing options such as carrier screening and preimplantation genetic testing, while also helping them explore reproductive pathways that align with their circumstances and values. Emotional and ethical considerations are addressed alongside clinical information, ensuring decisions are made with confidence.

Coordination that reduces stress

Behind every appointment, test and treatment cycle is careful coordination. Our administration team plays a vital role in ensuring fertility care runs smoothly by managing schedules, communications and documentation so patients can focus on treatment rather than logistics.

They coordinate appointments, explain timelines and processes, assist with forms and maintain close communication with clinical teams to support continuity of care. Their work helps reduce uncertainty and ensures that patients feel informed and supported throughout their experience.

Financial clarity as part of patient-centred care

Fertility treatment represents a significant investment, and financial clarity is an important part of feeling supported. Our finance team works closely with patients to explain cost estimates, manage billing and payments, and assist with Medicare and private health insurance claims.

By breaking down financial information into clear, manageable steps and responding promptly to questions, they help minimise stress and uncertainty, allowing patients to make considered decisions about their care.

Support before the first appointment

Care at Newlife IVF begins well before treatment starts. Our patient enquiries and marketing teams help people take their first steps by providing accessible, accurate information and creating opportunities to learn more about fertility care.

From responding to initial enquiries and online forms, to developing educational resources and events, these teams ensure individuals and couples feel informed and welcomed as they begin exploring their fertility treatment options.

More than the sum of its parts

Fertility treatment is an incredibly personal journey – one that involves equal measures of science, compassion and trust. While your choice of fertility specialist is important, it is one part of a much larger picture.

At Newlife IVF, every aspect of our clinic – from our laboratory and scientific team to our nurses, fertility counsellors, donor services, genetic counsellors and administrative staff – works together to create an environment where patients feel supported, and where their eggs, sperm and embryos are given the best possible chance of success.

We believe families bring joy to life. That’s why we combine world-leading science, exceptional care and genuine compassion, as we strive to help you realise your dream of starting or growing your family.

Because in the end, fertility care is it about the whole team working in harmony, with you at the very centre.

If you’re ready to explore your options for having a baby, you can make an appointment with one of our specialists by calling (03) 8080 8933 or by booking online.

Building resilience during IVF – how to cope with the highs and lows

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Building emotional resilience during IVF treatment can help you manage these emotions, recover from setbacks and cope with life’s difficulties and uncertainties.

What is resilience?

‘Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress.’1

Being resilient does not mean avoiding feelings of stress or emotional pain – rather, it is adapting to difficult or unexpected circumstances and bouncing back from the experience.

Resilience improves your wellbeing during fertility treatment

Concerning fertility, research has shown that higher levels of resilience among couples struggling with fertility are associated with enhanced quality of life and emotional stability, as well as lower fertility-related distress.2
Beyond helping you cope during fertility treatment, building resilience can have a positive impact on your overall health and wellbeing, leading to3:

    • Fewer depressive symptoms
    • Improved adaptation to stress
    • Enhanced ability to cope during distressing experiences
    • Improved physical health.

 

How to build resilience during fertility treatment

Like progressively strengthening a muscle, you can learn to become more resilient to life’s challenges over time. Here are some examples that may help.

Grow supportive connections

Drawing on the support of those around you, including your partner (where applicable), family or friends, can help share the emotional load of your experience as you continue with your fertility treatment.4 Help is a two-way street – in addition to accepting help, supporting your loved ones through difficult moments can help you feel connected to others while giving you a sense of satisfaction, in turn strengthening your resilience. Small and simple gestures like checking in with a friend or lending an empathetic ear while others are dealing with stress can also distract you from an inward focus where you feel stuck in your own problems.

Manage uncertainty

During fertility counselling sessions, we often dive into how to navigate feelings of uncertainty and lack of control that can be experienced during fertility treatment. This is because learning how to accept uncertainty – not just during fertility treatment but throughout life in general – can help develop resilience.

But merely accepting the unpredictability and ‘unknowns’ of your fertility care is not an easy thing to do, which is why we recommend practising mindfulness. Instead of latching onto feelings of uncertainty when these thoughts arise, acknowledge their existence and try to move through these feelings. This is one of the hardest things to do, so be kind to yourself while you work on this.

Set small, achievable goals

The pride and sense of accomplishment you feel when achieving a goal is motivating and energising, helping you to feel more optimistic. Research has shown that breaking down your overarching goal into smaller short-term goals can help reframe your mindset while also relieving feelings of disappointment after a negative fertility treatment cycle.4

So ensuring that your goals are achievable is a great way to build resilience. In this instance, the importance is not the goal itself but the process of setting small goals and noticing your progress.

Break down each step in your fertility treatment cycle into mini-goals – this might include taking your hormone injections each day, completing your blood tests and scans, having your embryo transfer or intrauterine insemination procedure, or getting through each day of the two-week wait before finding out whether the treatment resulted in the outcome you were hoping for.

Sprinkle in some joy

There can be moments of sadness and loss when trying to conceive, which can make it harder to appreciate other joys in life, particularly if your fertility journey is regularly on your mind (as it’s very easy for treatment to become a sole focus).

Try to maintain some ‘normality’ in your life by engaging in activities that bring you joy.4 Humour is also effective in helping to develop a more resilient nature, so exploring activities that make you laugh while giving you a break from treatment can help you stay connected to day-to-day life.

Take the time to reflect

Think back on obstacles that you have previously overcome and recognise that you have already been developing resilience over the years, perhaps without knowing it. Reflect on past situations that have caused you stress, grief or trauma and ask yourself:

      • What worked in helping you to cope during these times?
      • What didn’t work well?
      • Who were the best people to help you at those times?

Take these learnings about building resilience during your IVF journey and draw on them when working through any disappointing or unexpected outcomes.

Connect with our supportive counselling team

Our compassionate Newlife IVF counsellors are here to guide you through every step of your journey.

At Newlife IVF, we are committed to supporting our patients the best we can, which includes providing you with additional counselling sessions at no extra cost. To book an appointment with one of our counsellors, call (03) 8080 8933 or email us at [email protected]. And to make things easy for you, we are more than happy to consult with you over the phone so you don’t have to take time off work.

Remember, you have made it through rough times before. You’ve got this.

References

  1. American Psychological Association. Building your resilience. American Psychological Association. 2020. Accessed 20249. https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience ↩
  2. Herrmann D, Scherg H, Verres R et al. Resilience in infertile couples acts as a protective factor against infertility-specific distress and impaired quality of life. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2011;28(11):1111–1117. doi:10.1007/s10815-011-9637-2 ↩
  3. Quyen G, Vandelanotte C, Cope K, et al. The association of resilience with depression, anxiety, stress and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2022;22. ↩
  4. Bailey A, Ellis-Caird H, Croft C. Living through unsuccessful conception attempts: a grounded theory of resilience among women undergoing fertility treatment. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2017 Sep;35(4),324–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2017.1320366 ↩ ↩ ↩

Coping with infertility during the festive season – a practical guide

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The end of the year can also act as a marker in time – a point that highlights how much has happened over the past twelve months or how much remains unchanged – which can intensify emotions, especially when fertility plans haven’t unfolded as hoped.

If the season isn’t feeling festive, that is completely okay. Social traditions aren’t fixed, and your wellbeing deserves to come first. The following strategies can help you move through the coming weeks in a way that feels more manageable.

Manage social expectations

Turning down invitations can feel uncomfortable, yet protecting your emotional space is important. Keep responses simple and polite to avoid unnecessary pressure – a brief ‘Sorry, that plan doesn’t suit me’ allows you to step back without oversharing.

Prepare for gatherings

If you decide to attend a social event, a few gentle boundaries can make the experience easier:

  • Set a time limit that feels comfortable – even a short visit counts
  • Stay occupied with tasks, such as cooking or helping with tidying, to avoid conversations that feel difficult
  • Acknowledge that the year has been challenging without going into detail, which helps others understand if you need to leave early.

If you’re attending with a trusted person, consider agreeing on a subtle signal that indicates you need a break. Planning transport in advance can also offer a smoother exit if emotions shift.

Celebrate your way

There is no one ‘correct’ way to spend the holiday season. A quiet night at home, a short getaway, or a relaxed catch-up with close friends may feel more grounding. Joy can take many forms, and it doesn’t need to look traditional.

Prioritise rest and self-care

Use this time to rest, recharge and step back from the intensity of treatment. Some options that may support your wellbeing include:

  • Booking a massage or spa day
  • Taking a short trip to the beach or countryside
  • Enjoying a good book, movie marathon or creative pastime.

Give yourself permission to slow down and look after your emotional and physical wellbeing.

Reflect and plan ahead

The close of the year can be an opportunity to gently reassess your journey. You may find clarity by breaking bigger decisions into smaller, more manageable steps. Consider what choices may be available to you in 2026, how you can continue prioritising your wellbeing, and what actions could help you reset and begin the new year with renewed energy and perspective.

Reach out for support

Support is invaluable when emotions become heavy. Lean on friends, family (pets included!) or a trusted support person whenever you need space to talk or simply feel heard. Let others know what would help, whether it’s company, calm or room to process things in your own time.

Whatever this season looks like for you, your feelings are valid. Treat yourself with patience and kindness as you move through it.

If you’d like professional support, the Newlife IVF counselling team is here to help. Call us on (03) 8080 8933 or email [email protected].

Fertility and the environment – what the science says and what you can do

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At Newlife IVF, we’re here to help you make sense of the science, take control where it counts and feel confident in the choices you make. Below, we break down some of the most well-established environmental exposures that can affect fertility, as well as share practical steps you can take to reduce their impact.

Hidden hazards – everyday toxins that can affect your fertility

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)

EDCs are substances that interfere with the body’s natural hormone systems by mimicking, blocking or altering natural hormone levels. This disruption can affect key biological processes, including fertility. Common EDCs include bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, parabens, dioxins and triclosan.

Where they are found

EDCs are commonly present in plastic containers, cosmetics and personal care items, canned food linings, food packaging, cleaning products and flame-retardant materials.

Potential impact on fertility

EDCs can negatively affect fertility in several ways, including:

  • Disrupting menstrual cycles, ovulation and egg quantity, as well as affecting an egg’s ability to mature and undergo fertilisation
  • Interfering with sperm production and testosterone levels.

Scientific evidence has also linked EDC exposure to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis and reduced IVF success.

What you can do

Because EDCs directly affect the delicate hormonal systems that regulate fertility, minimising your exposure can be a meaningful step towards improving your fertility. Avoid products that contain BPA, phthalates, parabens and other common EDCs – especially when you’re trying to conceive.

Pesticides and herbicides

Widely used in agriculture (to kill pests and weeds), many pesticides and herbicides are known hormone disruptors and neurotoxins, and some have been linked to fertility issues in both men and women.

Where they are found

Non-organic fruits and vegetables, grains, lawn and garden sprays, and contaminated water (from agricultural runoff).

Potential impact on fertility

Pesticides and herbicides are associated with:

Evidence has also linked herbicide and pesticide exposure to miscarriage, birth defects and hormonal disorders.

What you can do

Because most exposure comes from food and contaminated water, you can reduce your risk by choosing organic produce where possible and thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables with filtered drinking water to remove chemical residues.

Heavy metals (particularly lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic)

Heavy metals are toxic elements that can accumulate in the body over time, interfering with organ function, including those essential for reproduction.

Where they are found

Contaminated water, seafood (mercury), old paint (lead), cigarette smoke and industrial pollution. While drinking water is monitored in Australia for heavy metal contamination, trace amounts may still be present.

Potential impact on fertility

Heavy metal exposure can negatively affect fertility by:

  • Damaging the DNA in eggs and sperm
  • Stimulating hormonal imbalances and egg quality abnormalities
  • Increasing miscarriage risk and reducing IVF success.

What you can do

Depending on the specific metal and individual factors, such as age, overall health and kidney or liver function, heavy metals can remain in the body’s tissues for extended periods after exposure, making their effects difficult to reverse. Even low-level exposure over time can harm fertility. To help reduce your risk, avoid smoking, limit your consumption of high-mercury fish, use water filters and take care when renovating older homes that may contain lead-based paint.

Pollution and particulate matter

Air pollution and particulate matter (PM) are composed of solid and liquid particles from a range of sources, including combustion, smoke, dust and chemical reactions. Fine PM – particles smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) – can enter the bloodstream and contribute to various health issues, including harmful effects on reproductive organs and hormone function.

Where they are found

Sources include car exhaust, industrial emissions, wildfire smoke, cigarette smoke and urban air pollution.

Potential impact on fertility

Pollution and PM is associated with:

  • Reducing ovarian reserve and implantation rates
  • Damaging sperm (morphology and motility)
  • Increasing inflammation and hormonal disruption.

What you can do

While outdoor air quality isn’t in your control, there are steps you can take to limit your exposure to air pollution. Use indoor air purifiers or filters, avoid exercising outdoors during high-pollution days, and monitor Melbourne’s (or your local area’s) air quality index online for real-time updates.

Microplastics and nanoplastics

Microplastics (less than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (less than 1 mm) are increasingly present in our environment. These particles may carry harmful chemicals and disrupt reproductive function.

Where they are found

Microplastics are found almost everywhere – from waterways and plastic bottles to food wraps, containers, cosmetics and cleaning products (microbeads). These tiny particles come from the breakdown of larger plastic items, synthetic clothing, packaging and even bottled water. It’s believed that most people carry microplastics in their bodies, which are accumulated through the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the products we apply to our skin.

Potential impact on fertility

Studies have shown that microplastics and nanoplastics:

  • Contain EDCs, such as BPA and phthalates, which interfere with reproductive hormones and disrupt hormone signalling
  • Accumulate in the ovaries, negatively affecting egg maturation, egg quality and gene expression – reducing the number of viable eggs and making fertilisation and embryo development more difficult
  • Accumulate in the testes, triggering inflammation and oxidative stress, and damaging sperm quality
  • Have been found in placental tissue, suggesting they may reach the developing embryo.

What you can do

While it’s nearly impossible to avoid microplastics entirely, there are practical steps you can take to reduce your exposure and support your reproductive health.

Avoid heating food in plastic containers – instead, choose glass, ceramic or stainless steel for both storing and cooking. Choose filtered tap water over bottled water, and limit your intake of foods that come heavily packaged in plastic. Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly can also help reduce residues from packaging.

When it comes to personal care, look for products labelled microbead-free. At home, be mindful of dust, which can contain microplastic particles. Vacuum regularly using a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, and consider using an air purifier to minimise airborne particles.

These small, everyday changes can help reduce your exposure to microplastics and may support better fertility outcomes over time.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as ‘forever chemicals’

PFAS are man-made chemicals commonly found in household and industrial products. These substances are highly persistent – they don’t break down easily and can accumulate in the body over time, potentially disrupting hormone balance.

Where they are found

PFAS-coated cookware offers convenience with easy cleaning. However, when scratched or overheated, it can release harmful chemicals into food. Other sources include fast food wrappers and other food packaging, microwave popcorn bags, stain-resistant fabrics and some cosmetics.

Potential impact on fertility

PFAS exposure has been associated with:

  • Disrupting hormonal balance, ovulation and menstrual cycles
  • Reducing egg quality and quantity
  • Lengthening the time to conception
  • Lowering IVF success rates
  • Decreased sperm count and testosterone levels.

What you can do

Avoid non-stick cookware where possible, opt for PFAS-free products, and use filtered drinking water. These steps can help limit your exposure to these long-lasting chemicals.

Mobile phones and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure

Mobile phones, laptops and Wi-Fi devices emit low-level EMR, which has been linked to changes in reproductive health – especially in men.

Where they are found

Smartphones, Bluetooth devices, laptops (especially when used on the lap) and phones carried in pockets.

Potential impact on fertility

EMR exposure has been linked to:

  • Damaging sperm DNA and reducing motility (especially when phones are stored in pants pockets)
  • Increasing testicular temperature, which is associated with damage to sperm
  • Inducing oxidative stress in ovarian tissue and eggs. Prolonged EMR exposure is associated with reduced egg numbers and atretic follicle numbers (follicles that have begun to degenerate and regress), as shown in animal studies.

What you can do

The evidence is stronger for effects on male fertility, and the risks are generally moderate compared to chemical exposures. Nonetheless, simple steps, such as keeping phones out of front pockets and avoiding laptop use directly on the lap, can help reduce risk.

Small changes, meaningful impact

Our environment plays a powerful, yet often overlooked, role in reproductive health. But small, consistent changes can make a real difference to your fertility. At Newlife IVF, we’re here to support your journey with the latest scientific insights and compassionate, expert care. By understanding your exposures and making informed lifestyle choices, you’re already taking meaningful steps toward a healthier path to conception and pregnancy.

Our fertility-friendly action plan below can help reduce environmental stressors in your daily life. And if you need further support, our team is here to guide you every step of the way. Call us on (03) 8080 8933 or book an appointment online.

Your fertility-friendly action plan to reduce environmental stress

  • Choose organic foods where possible to minimise your exposure to pesticides and EDCs
  • Use glass or stainless steel containers and cookware to reduce your contact with plastic and microplastics
  • Avoid non-stick cookware, don’t heat food in plastic and avoid using cling wrap in the microwave to help reduce PFAS and plastic exposure
  • Switch to clean personal care products to minimise your exposure to hormone disruptors – look for products free from phthalates, parabens, microbeads and synthetic fragrances
  • Use a water filter, which helps remove heavy metals and chemical contaminants
  • Ventilate your home or use an air purifier to reduce indoor air pollution and exposure to particulate matter
  • Avoid carrying phones in front pockets to protect sperm health
  • Take antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, CoQ10 and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to support fertility by reducing oxidative stress and helping counteract the effects of PFAS.

 

Sperm – the other half of the fertility equation

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Sperm contributes half of the genetic material needed for embryos to form. Issues related to sperm quality or function can lead to difficulties in embryo development, including issues with:

  • Genetic material quality: For successful fertilisation and healthy embryo development, ideally sperm DNA should remain intact. Damage to this genetic material – whether from oxidative stress, environmental factors or ageing – can lead to chromosomal abnormalities or improper DNA variations in the embryo, increasing the risk of developmental issues or miscarriage.
  • Sperm chromatin structure: Sperm chromatin, the DNA arranged within the sperm cell, must be tightly packed and properly organised to protect against DNA damage. Normal sperm chromatin structure is needed for successful fertilisation and embryo development. Abnormalities in chromatin structure can result in poor DNA repair, leading to embryo fragmentation (when tiny pieces of the cells that make up the embryo break away from the cells during division) or developmental arrest (when an embryo stops developing).
  • Sperm motility (movement): Sperm with low motility (asthenospermia) may struggle to reach and fertilise the egg through natural conception or IVF. Even if fertilisation occurs, impaired motility – depending on its cause – can impact early embryonic development, as the sperm may not deliver the essential signals and factors needed for optimal growth.
  • Sperm morphology: Sperm with abnormal morphology (size or shape) can affect fertilisation and embryo development. For instance, abnormal sperm may struggle to penetrate the egg, preventing fertilisation or causing abnormal embryo development. Structural defects, such as head or tail abnormalities, may prevent the sperm from properly interacting with the egg’s membrane, making fertilisation difficult in both natural conception and IVF.  Therefore, abnormal sperm morphology is indicative of low sperm quality.
  • Sperm epigenetics: Sperm carries epigenetic information – modifications that influence how genes function without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Disrupted sperm epigenetics can lead to improper gene expression in the embryo, increasing the risk of developmental issues, infertility or genetic disorders.
  • Oxidative stress: Sperm are vulnerable to oxidative stress – an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body – caused by factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, environmental toxins or prolonged heat exposure. This oxidative damage can lead to DNA fragmentation, where sperm DNA strands break, potentially compromising embryo development after fertilisation.
  • Paternal age: As men age, their sperm quality may gradually decline, making conception more challenging. Although men do not experience a sudden decrease in fertility like women, ageing impacts sperm health, testicular function and pregnancy outcomes. For instance, older men may produce lower-quality sperm, reducing the chances of fertilisation. Sperm from older men are also more susceptible to DNA damage, which can increase the risk of miscarriage and DNA changes contributing to genetic conditions, including autism or schizophrenia in children.

Lifestyle changes to support sperm health

While some factors affecting sperm health are beyond control, lifestyle choices can play a significant role in improving sperm quality. Making positive changes may help enhance sperm function and increase the chances of successful conception. Suggestions that may assist with sperm quality include:

Keep the testicles cool

High temperatures can damage sperm. Avoid hot tubs, saunas, car seat warmers, placing your laptop on your lap for long periods, and carrying your mobile phone in your front pocket. Wear loose-fitting underwear to keep your testicles cool and prevent overheating.

Maintain a healthy diet

A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants from fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains and lean proteins can help protect sperm from damage.

Additionally, fertility-boosting nutrients such as vitamins C, E and folic acid, as well as zinc and selenium, have been linked to improved sperm quality. These are present in citrus fruits, leafy greens, eggs and nuts.

Consider fertility supplements

If you’re finding it difficult to obtain enough nutrients from your diet, you may wish to consider fertility supplements. Specifically, supplements such as zinc, folic acid, selenium and CoQ10 may support sperm health. However, please consult your fertility specialist before starting any new supplements.

Engage in regular exercise

Moderate physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and improve overall health, which supports sperm production. However, excessive exercise or overtraining can have the opposite effect, leading to reduced testosterone levels and impaired sperm quality. Additionally, prolonged cycling (over 1.5 hours) should be avoided.

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol

Smoking and vaping are associated with poor sperm quality, including reduced count and motility and increased DNA damage. Quitting should be a priority for those looking to improve fertility.

Excessive alcohol consumption can also negatively affect sperm count and quality, so keep your intake to moderate levels for optimal reproductive health.

Maintain a healthy weight

Being overweight or obese can lead to hormonal imbalances, reduced sperm quality and lowered overall fertility. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help improve sperm health.

Avoid exposure to toxins

Minimise exposure to harmful chemicals such as pesticides, heavy metals and industrial toxins, as they can negatively affect sperm health. Avoid contact with pollutants in some cleaning products, plastics and air pollution – and skip drinking from plastic water bottles.

If chemical exposure is unavoidable (i.e. due to your work environment), always use appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and masks, to reduce risk.

Attend regular medical assessments

Prioritising your overall health is essential, as conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and infections can negatively affect sperm quality. Regular check-ups with your GP or healthcare professional can help detect and manage these issues early.

If you’re trying to conceive, inform your fertility specialist about any medications or supplements you’re taking, as some may impair sperm function.

Avoid drug use

Recreational drug use, such as marijuana or anabolic steroids, can significantly reduce sperm count and quality. If you’re using these substances, consider seeking help to quit.

Manage stress

Chronic stress can negatively impact hormone levels, affecting sperm production. Consider practising relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, deep breathing, exercise or hobbies that help you relax.

Get enough sleep

Quality sleep is essential for overall health and plays a crucial role in hormone regulation. Poor sleep can disrupt hormone levels, including testosterone, which is vital for sperm production. To support reproductive health, prioritise restful sleep and aim for 7–9 hours of quality rest each night.

Limit caffeine intake

Excessive caffeine may negatively affect sperm quality. Limiting your intake to moderate levels (one or two cups per day) can be beneficial.

When to seek help

Making these lifestyle changes can help improve sperm quality over time. However, if you and your partner have been trying to conceive without success – 12 months if the female partner is under 35 years or six months if over 35 years – it may be time to seek specialist guidance. A fertility specialist can provide personalised advice and may recommend fertility testing to gain a clearer understanding of your reproductive health.

To book an appointment with one of our fertility specialists and explore your options, call Newlife IVF on (03) 8080 8933 or schedule a consultation online via our appointments page.

Simple changes to help improve your egg quality

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Fertility is largely influenced by the quality of both eggs and sperm. Age is the biggest determinant of egg quality1, but other factors such as diet, weight, physical activity and exposure to toxins (including illicit drugs or medications) also play a role. The good news is that whilst you cannot modify your age, there are things that you can do to improve egg quality and your chances of getting pregnant.

This involves making changes (if needed) to areas of your life that can influence various biological processes in the body – fertility included. With the proper modifications, you can protect your eggs from the harm caused by these factors and increase your likelihood of conceiving.

Why is age such a big factor?

Fertility starts to decline at the beginning of a woman’s 30s, but the decline is more rapid after age 35.1 This is because women are born with a lifetime supply of eggs – around 1-2 million – and this reserve gradually decreases over time. Egg quality also declines with age as the DNA in eggs becomes more susceptible to damage.

Eggs of lower quality are less likely to fertilise and develop into an embryo, affecting the chances of pregnancy. Additionally, older eggs are more likely to be affected by chromosome imbalance, which is associated with difficulty falling pregnant, an increased risk of miscarriage and a higher incidence of children born with a chromosome disorder (e.g. Down Syndrome).2

Unfortunately, once an egg’s DNA is damaged or the egg has an incorrect number of chromosomes (we call this aneuploidy), it cannot be reversed or repaired. For this reason, it’s important to protect your egg quality as much as possible.

Tips to improve your egg quality

Smoking

Women who smoke or are exposed to second-hand smoke often face delays in conceiving. Smoking damages egg DNA, which reduces fertility and increases miscarriage risk.3 It also increases the chance of ectopic pregnancy and makes embryo implantation harder, while increasing the risk of pregnancy complications.4 Therefore, avoiding smoking and second-hand smoke is crucial when trying to conceive and during pregnancy.

Additionally, researchers are still learning about all the risks of e-cigarettes (vapes) on conception and pregnancy. At this stage, no amount of vaping is considered safe when trying to conceive.

Alcohol

If you’re trying to conceive, drinking alcohol can affect your ability to get pregnant and stay pregnant. Some studies suggest that even low to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced fertility.5 Drinking alcohol can alter hormone levels and disrupt the menstrual cycle and the ability to ovulate, therefore reducing the chances of conceiving. So, cutting down or cutting out alcohol can improve your chances of falling pregnant, along with helping you embrace a healthier lifestyle.

Coffee/caffeine

Some studies have shown reduced fertility and increased risk of miscarriage with excessive caffeine consumption.6 Most studies also indicate that the risk of infertility rises with higher levels of caffeine intake. Unfortunately, a safe daily amount of caffeine has not been established. For this reason, we recommend limiting your intake to one caffeinated drink per day (<80–100 mg of caffeine). If you can go without all together, even better!

Illicit drugs

Taking recreational drugs reduces the chances of becoming pregnant and having a healthy baby. For instance, cannabis and opioids are known to disrupt normal hormone production, leading to problems with ovulation and menstrual cycle disturbances.7 Additionally, stimulants such as cocaine and crystal meth have been linked to higher rates of miscarriage.8 Therefore, avoiding illicit drug use is one of the simplest ways to preserve your fertility.

Extreme exercise

Over-exercising can hinder ovulation and hormone production – specifically progesterone production, which is critical in supporting a pregnancy as it helps to thicken the lining of the uterus (needed for embryo implantation). Excessive exercise has also been linked to miscarriage.9 Vigorous exercise should not exceed 4 hours a week. However, lighter activities, such as walking and Pilates, are not limited.

Diet Mediterranean Diet foods, including fresh fruit and vegetables, lean meats, eggs, nuts, seeds and healthy fats like avocado.

The Mediterranean diet is often recommended for individuals undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to its potential benefits for reproductive health – and this may include egg quality. This diet emphasises the consumption of whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, fish and healthy fats like olive oil, while limiting processed foods, red meat and added sugars.

Research suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet may improve fertility outcomes by promoting a healthy weight, reducing inflammation and optimising insulin sensitivity, all of which can positively influence ovarian function and embryo quality.10,11

Maintaining a healthy weight

Being underweight or overweight is associated with reduced pregnancy rates. This is because carrying too little or too much weight can disrupt the balance of hormones in your body, leading to ovulatory issues and irregular periods, along with an increased risk of miscarriage. Even if a woman has a regular cycle, fertility may still be reduced compared to women within the healthy weight range (a body mass index between 18.5 and 25).

Weight loss in overweight people doesn’t have to be drastic to improve fertility. Research has shown that even a modest drop in body weight (5–10%) can increase the chances of pregnancy – not to mention many other health benefits, such as a reduced risk of conditions like diabetes and heart disease, and a lower rate of pregnancy-related complications.12 Weight training and improving your lean body mass is also crucial for optimising your metabolism and reducing insulin resistance.

Weight loss is difficult, but your care providers can help you navigate the weight management journey. Talking to your GP or fertility specialist about weight is a great first step. We’ll make sure you have the support you need.

Medical conditions and medications

Conception is most likely to occur when you’re in good health. Untreated medical conditions, especially hormonal disorders (e.g. thyroid issues) and gynaecological conditions (e.g. endometriosis), can hinder fertility. It’s essential to manage these conditions before trying to conceive. Additionally, ensure that any prescribed medications are safe to take during conception and pregnancy by discussing these with your fertility specialist.

Night shift work

Night shift workers may experience reduced fertility because disrupted or insufficient sleep can interfere with the body’s circadian rhythm, leading to hormonal imbalances. Research on patients undergoing IVF has shown that women working night shifts tend to produce fewer eggs suitable for embryo development.13 Meanwhile, other studies have linked shift work to higher miscarriage rates.14 If possible, avoid night shift work and stick to a regular shift schedule rather than rotating between day and night shifts, as consistency can help reduce the impact on hormone levels.

Supplements for improving egg quality

In addition to lifestyle changes, certain supplements are often recommended. While evidence supporting their impact on egg quality and IVF success rates is limited, some studies suggest potential benefits, whereas others show no significant improvements in fertility outcomes. However, when taken at recommended doses, these supplements are generally considered safe.11

For instance, antioxidants like vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 may enhance IVF outcomes by reducing DNA damage and improving egg quality, particularly in older women or those with diminished ovarian reserve. Other commonly suggested supplements include vitamin D (especially for those with a deficiency) and omega-3 fatty acids.11

Additionally, all women trying to conceive should take a supplement containing at least 400 mcg of folic acid, which is crucial for DNA synthesis and reducing neural tube defects, along with 150 mcg of iodine to support thyroid function.11

Small changes can lead to big results

Simple yet impactful lifestyle changes go a long way towards preserving egg quality, preventing egg damage and improving your overall fertility. By addressing these modifiable factors and prioritising your overall wellbeing, you can boost your chances of conception and a healthy pregnancy.

If you’re ready to explore your options for having a baby or are concerned about your fertility, you can make an appointment with one of our specialists by calling (03) 8080 8933 or by booking online.

References

 

  1. Better Health Channel. Age and fertility [internet]. Victoria (AU): Better Health Channel; 2023 [updated 2023; cited 2024 Oct]. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/age-and-fertility ↩ ↩
  2. Winship A, Stringer J, Liew S et al. The importance of DNA repair for maintaining oocyte quality in response to anti-cancer treatments, environmental toxins and maternal ageing. Hum Reprod Update. 2018;24(2): 19–134. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmy002. ↩
  3. Pineles BL, Park E, Samet JM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of miscarriage and maternal exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(7):807–23. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt334. Epub 2014 Feb 10. PMID: 24518810; PMCID: PMC3969532. ↩
  4. Better Health Channel. Pregnancy and smoking [internet]. Victoria (AU): Better Health Channel; 2022 [updated 2022; cited 2024 Oct]. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pregnancy-and-smoking ↩
  5. Fan D, Liu L, Xia Q et al. Female alcohol consumption and fecundability: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13815. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14261-8 ↩
  6. Lyngsø J, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Bay B et al. Association between coffee or caffeine consumption and fecundity and fertility: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:699–719. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S146496. PMID: 29276412; PMCID: PMC5733907. ↩
  7. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Substance use and fertility [internet]. Ontario (CA): The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada; 2024 [cited 2024 Oct]. Available from: https://www.pregnancyinfo.ca/before-you-conceive/fertility/substance-use-and-fertility/ ↩
  8. Smid MC, Metz TD, Gordon AJ. Stimulant use in Pregnancy: An Under-recognized Epidemic Among Pregnant Women. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2019;62(1):168–184. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000418. PMID: 30601144; PMCID: PMC6438363. ↩
  9. Barakat R, Zhang D, Silva-José C et al. The influence of physical activity during pregnancy on miscarriage-systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2023;12(16):5393. doi: 10.3390/jcm12165393. PMID: 37629435; PMCID: PMC10455409. ↩
  10. Hart RJ. Nutritional supplements and IVF: an evidence-based approach. Reprod Biomed Online. 2024;48(3):103770. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103770. ↩
  11. Yang J, Song Y, Gaskins AJ, et al. Mediterranean diet and female reproductive health over lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;229(6):617-631. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.05.030. ↩ ↩ ↩ ↩
  12. Haase CL, Varbo A, Laursen PN et al. Association between body mass index, weight loss and the chance of pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and overweight or obesity: a retrospective cohort study in the UK. Hum Reprod. 2023;38(3):471–481. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deac267 ↩
  13. Liu Z, Zheng Y, Wang B et al. The impact of sleep on in-vitro fertilization embryo transfer outcomes: a prospective study. Fertil Steril. 2023;119(1):47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.10.015 ↩
  14. Mínguez-Alarcón L, Souter I, Williams PL, et al. Occupational factors and markers of ovarian reserve and response among women at a fertility centre. Occup Environ Med. 2017;74:426-431. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103953 ↩

Using natural therapies in combination with fertility treatment

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Naturopathy

Naturopathy takes a holistic approach to your wellbeing and focuses on treatments that support your body to heal itself. A naturopath may recommend a combination of therapies such as herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, and diet and lifestyle advice.

Some evidence suggests that a holistic, naturopathic approach to care can benefit aspects of reproductive health. For example, a study in overweight women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) compared the combined effects of herbal supplementation and lifestyle changes with lifestyle changes alone.1 While the combination was not shown to specifically increase conception rates, it did improve other markers of fertility like menstrual cycle regularity (which can support ovulation) and enhanced mental wellbeing scores for depression.1

Herbal remedies

Herbal remedies are commonly used in naturopathy and include plants or parts of a plant – such as roots, flowers, bark, seeds and stems – that are often made into pills, teas or ointments for convenient consumption.

Simple acts like drinking a mug of herbal tea or using moisturisers infused with flower essences can relieve stress and create a sense of inner peace. And specifically regarding gynaecological findings, some herbal therapies have shown benefits. For instance, a study assessing the use of clomiphene (a medication that supports ovulation) combined with black cohosh supplementation in women with subfertility demonstrated increased endometrial thickness and improved hormone profiles.2 Theoretically, this can improve the chances of conception by creating a more receptive uterine environment for embryo implantation.2 However, the study findings did not specifically show an increase in pregnancy rates.2 If you would like to try a herbal remedy, keep in mind that they can affect your fertility treatment medications, so it’s essential to check if a herb is safe with your fertility specialist first.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is a Chinese medicine practice in which thin needles are inserted into the skin at select acupuncture points. These acupuncture points mark lines of energy flow (called meridians) within the body, and the insertion of acupuncture needles at these points is intended to stimulate this energy flow.

There is limited evidence showing that acupuncture enhances fertility. However, patients may find acupuncture beneficial for stress reduction3 and overall emotional wellbeing.4

Mind-body practices

Mind-body practices are centred on the belief that your mindset can influence your health. Some mind-body practices include mindfulness meditation, yoga, music therapy, hypnosis, art therapy, aromatherapy, guided imagery and cognitive behavioural therapy.

Mindfulness meditation

Mindfulness meditation is a type of meditation that teaches you to become more aware of what you are thinking and feeling. Over time, mindfulness meditation can help you experience each moment with more compassion and less expectation – which may help ease the highs and lows of your fertility journey.

Research has linked mindfulness meditation with fewer difficult emotions, such as depression and stress, and less rumination, which can help you bounce back more easily from the highs and lows of your fertility journey.5

Yoga

Yoga is an ancient Indian mind-body practice that guides you through various postures and stretches. There are multiple styles of yoga, from gentle movements to more physically challenging practices. However, all yoga practices are a form of mindful movement.

The focus on flowing through physical motions and synchronising your movements with your breath can help you reconnect with your body and take a step back from the thoughts passing through your mind. This was evident in a six-week yoga program for women who were waiting for IVF treatment, where yoga was associated with fewer negative thoughts and feelings about fertility and an improved sense of wellbeing.6

Reflexology

Reflexology is a form of massage for the feet, hands and ears, where pressure is applied to select points that are believed to be linked to the function of broader body parts. By applying pressure to these points, reflexology aims to relieve stress and support healing in the body part each point is associated with.

A study comparing reflexology to gentle foot massage in women experiencing infertility found that reflexology did not improve ovulation or pregnancy rates. However, reflexology was associated with lower depression scores, which can help strengthen your resilience and overall fertility treatment experience.7

Take a balanced approach

Current medical research does not directly link complementary remedies to enhanced fertility. However, if such remedies benefit your emotional wellbeing and do not interfere with your current medical treatments, they could be a positive addition.

Always explore these options in consultation with your fertility specialist to ensure that these won’t interfere with your treatment.

There are also other changes you can make to maximise your chances of getting pregnant, such as:

  • Drinking caffeine in moderation
  • Incorporating regular movement into your routine
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Enjoying a balanced, nutritious diet
  • Taking the recommended supplements.

If you would like to learn more about lifestyle changes to improve your fertility, you can also read ‘What can I do differently to fall pregnant?’ by Newlife IVF fertility specialist Dr Nicole Hope.

Still got questions?

To meet with one of our Newlife IVF fertility specialists and learn more about how you can improve your fertility, you can reach our team by calling (03) 8080 8933 or book online via our appointments page.

References

  1. Arentz S, Smith CA, Abbott J et al. Combined lifestyle and herbal medicine in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2017;31(9):1330-40. doi:10.1002/ptr.5858 ↩ ↩
  2. Clark N, Will M, Moravek M et al. A systematic review of the evidence for complementary and alternative medicine in infertility. Int J of Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;122(3):202-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.03.032
    HealthProfessional/#:~:text=Today%2C%20black%20cohosh%20is%20most,irritability%20%5B5%2C6%5D ↩ ↩ ↩
  3. Xi J, Chen H, Peng ZH et al. Effects of acupuncture on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology: an overview of systematic reviews. Evid-Based Complement and Alternat Med. 2018;2018:7352735. doi: 10.1155/2018/7352735 ↩
  4. Hassanzadeh Bashtian M, Latifnejad Roudsari R, Sadeghi R. Effects of acupuncture on anxiety in infertile women: a systematic review of the literature. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2017;5(1):842-8. doi: 10.22038/jmrh.2016.7949 ↩
  5. Patel A, Sharma PSVN, Kumar P. Application of Mindfulness-Based Psychological Interventions in Infertility. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2020;13(1):3-21. doi: 10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_51_19 ↩
  6. Oron G, Allnutt E, Lackman T et al. A prospective study using Hatha Yoga for stress reduction among women waiting for IVF treatment. Reprod Biomed Online. 2015;30(5):542-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.01.011 ↩
  7. Holt J, Lord J, Acharya U et al. The effectiveness of foot reflexology in inducing ovulation: a sham-controlled randomised trial. Fertil Steril. 2008;91(6):2514-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.04.016 ↩